What is the difference between disability and handicap as defined in Chapter 1 of Gargiulo and Bouck's textbook?

In Chapter 1 of Gargiulo and Bouck's textbook, a disability is defined as an inability or reduced capacity to perform a task in a normative way due to some impairment, while a handicap refers to the difficulties or limitations imposed by the environment on a person with a disability.

A disability is described as a limitation or incapacity to perform tasks or activities in a typical manner, which may be due to sensory, physical, cognitive, or other impairments. These limitations become disabilities when they interfere with achieving educational, social, or vocational goals. In contrast, a handicap is the impact or consequence of a disability, representing the challenges or barriers a person with a disability faces in interacting with their environment. This can include both physical barriers and attitudinal barriers imposed by society. Thus, while a disability is an inherent condition, a handicap is context-dependent and can vary based on environmental and social factors.