DefinitionIntermediate
What are the maternal factors that can lead to impaired fetal development as listed in Box 21-1?
Maternal factors that can lead to impaired fetal development include poor nutrition, excessive nausea and vomiting, low hemoglobin levels, gestational diabetes, protein in the urine, hypertension, maternal infection, smoking, drug use, teenage pregnancy, increased maternal age over 35 years, lack of prenatal care, low socioeconomic status, previous pregnancy complications, and genetic abnormalities.
Key points
- Poor nutrition and inadequate weight gain
- Excessive nausea and vomiting (hyperemesis gravidarum)
- Low hemoglobin levels
- Gestational diabetes
- Positive protein in the urine
- Hypertension
- Maternal infection
- Smoking and drug use
- Teenage pregnancy
- Increased maternal age over 35 years
- Lack of adequate prenatal care
- Low socioeconomic status
- Previous pregnancy complications
- Genetic abnormalities
Source:Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice· Promoting Health in Young and Middle-Aged Adults· p. 357–358
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice
Berman, Audrey Frandsen, Geralyn Snyder etc.
Tenth edition · Pearson Education Limited